Day 4 - Valuation Fundamentals and DCF Valuation

Day 4 (am) - Valuation Fundamentals

The session lays the foundations to build a solid understanding of corporate valuation in the context of investment banking. The most common valuation methodologies are introduced, explaining the difference between a company's fundamental value, and how much an acquirer would pay for the business. The concepts of enterprise value and equity value are explained, using simple but rigorous exercises. Finally, the basics of multiple valuation and discounted cash flow valuation are introduced. Exercises are used throughout the session.

Key topics:

• The importance of valuation in the investment banking industry
• Fundamental value versus how much an acquirer will pay
• Overview of the major valuation methods
  • Trading comparables analysis
  • Discounted cash flow analysis
  • Transaction comparables analysis
  • LBO analysis
• Enterprise versus equity value
• Book values versus market values
• How to calculate enterprise value using market values
• How to calculate enterprise value using a fundamental valuation approach

Day 4 (pm) - Discounted Cash Flow Valuation

Participants learn how to build a discounted cash flow valuation model. The session starts with an overview of the valuation methodology, and the steps required in setting up a valuation model. We then focus on the calculation of free cash flow. A detailed ratio analysis is used to establish the reasonableness of the forecasts and to identify when the target company reaches steady state. We analyze the weighted average cost of capital, breaking it down into its components. We complete the valuation model by calculating terminal values, using both the exit multiple method and the perpetuity growth method. The free cash flows are discounted to arrive at enterprise values and the implied share price. Once the valuation is complete participants perform several checks on the analysis using key ratios, and sensitivity and scenario analysis.

Key topics:

• Calculating unlevered free cash flows
  • Drivers of cash flow
  • Ratio analysis
• Weighted average cost of capital
  • Optimal capital structure using peer analysis
  • Establishing the company’s forward looking cost of debt
  • Cost of equity: understanding the risk free rate, the equity risk premium and beta
  • Unlevering and relevering the beta
  • Calculating WACC for the case company
• Calculating the terminal value
  • Perpetuity growth (Gordon Growth model) method
  • Exit multiple method
• Building a discounting model
  • Mid-year adjustments
• Calculating enterprise and equity values
• Sanity checks
  • Reinvestment rate and ROIC
  • Implied multiples and growth rates
  • Percentage of value in the terminal period